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DrBobDDS Family Dentistry in Oley, PA DrBobDDS Family Dentistry in Oley, PA
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Q: Are dental amalgams safe?
A: Yes. Dental amalgam has been used in tooth restorations worldwide for more than 100 years. Studies have failed to find any link between amalgam restorations and any medical disorder. Amalgam continues to be a safe restorative material for dental patients.
Q: Is it possible to have an allergic reaction to amalgam?
A: Only a very small number of people are allergic to amalgam fillings. Fewer than 100 cases have ever been reported. In these rare instances, mercury may trigger an allergic response. Symptoms of amalgam allergy are very similar to a typical skin allergy.
Often patients who are truly allergic to amalgam have a medical or family history of allergies to metals. If there is a confirmed allergy, another restorative material will be used.
Q: Is it true that dental amalgams have been banned in other countries?
A: No. Erroneous news reporting has confused restrictions in a few countries with outright bans. Dentists around the world are using dental amalgams (silver fillings) to restore teeth that have dental decay. Studies have not shown a link between dental amalgam and any medical disorder.
Q: Is there a filling material that matches tooth color?
A: Yes. Composite resins are tooth-colored, plastic materials (made of glass and resin) that are used both as fillings and to repair defects in the teeth. Because they are tooth-colored, it is difficult to distinguish them from natural teeth. Composites are often used on the front teeth where a natural appearance is important. They can be used on the back teeth when the restorations are small, or in cases where they may be visible. Composite resins are usually more costly than amalgam fillings and may be less durable when used on the back teeth.
Q: When is porcelain an option?
A: Porcelain is a natural-looking restoration made of a very strong glass. It is used to make veneers, crowns, inlays, onlays or the artificial teeth in bridges and dentures. Porcelain can be blended to match the color of adjacent teeth. Crowns can be made entirely of porcelain or made with a metal inner lining, which strengthens the crown. In certain cases, porcelain, which is harder than enamel, can wear opposing teeth.
Q: What other metals are used to restore teeth?
A: Alloys. Custom-made dental restorations are often made of a combination of metals, called an alloy. Alloys used may range from precious metals, like gold and palladium, to non-precious metals such as nickel or chromium. Custom-made restorations are durable.
Q: Is there another way I can have a tooth replaced other than a bridge?
A: Yes. Dental implants can provide artificial teeth that look natural and feel secure. Dental implants can also be used to attach full or partial dentures. Implants, however, are not an option for everyone. Because implants require surgery, patients must be in good health, have healthy gums, have adequate bone to support the implant and be committed to meticulous oral hygiene and regular dental visits. If you are considering implants, a thorough evaluation by your dentist will help determine if you would be a good candidate.
Q: Do I need to clean my baby's mouth if there are no teeth yet?
A: Yes. Begin cleaning the baby's mouth during the first few days after birth. After every feeding, wipe the baby's gums with a damp washcloth or gauze pad to remove plaque. This establishes at an early age the importance of oral hygiene and the feel of having clean teeth and gums.
Q: Can babies get cavities?
A: Yes. As soon as teeth appear in the mouth, decay can occur. One serious form of decay among young children is baby bottle tooth decay. This condition can occur when an infant is allowed to nurse continuously from a bottle of milk, formula, sugar water or fruit juice during naps or at night. If these liquids pool around the child's teeth during sleep, the teeth will be attacked by acids for long periods of time, and serious decay can result. If you must give your baby a bottle as a comforter at bedtime, make sure it contains only water. And never dip a pacifier into sugar or honey.
Q: Is teething painful?
A: Yes. When babies are teething, usually between the ages of four months and 2+ years, they often have sore and tender gums. The pain usually can be soothed by gently rubbing the baby's gums with a clean finger, a small, cool spoon or a wet gauze. A clean teething ring for the baby to chew on also may be helpful.
Teething does not cause a fever. If your child has an elevated temperature, it needs to be addressed as a separate medical concern. If your baby continues to be cranky and uncomfortable after you attempt to ease its teething pain, call your physician.
Q: When should thumbsucking stop?
A: Children should have ceased thumbsucking by the time the permanent front teeth are ready to erupt. Usually, children stop between the ages of two and four years. Sucking often gradually lessens during this period as children spend more of their waking hours exploring their surroundings.
Peer pressure causes many school-aged children to stop. Some studies show that thumbsucking behavior is viewed negatively by classmates. Children with these behaviors may have more problems making friends.
Q: Can a child lose a primary tooth too early?
A: Sometimes a primary tooth is lost before the permanent tooth beneath it is ready to erupt. If the primary teeth are lost too early, nearby teeth can tip or move into the vacant space. When the permanent teeth are ready to come into the mouth, there may not be enough room. As a result, teeth may erupt out of their proper positions, leading to malocclusion. To avoid such future problems, your dentist may recommend using a space maintainer to reserve space for the permanent tooth.
Q: What causes bad breath?
A: Bad breath can be caused by such things as certain foods, poor oral hygiene, gum disease, a dry mouth (xerostomia), tobacco products or a medical disorder. When bacteria accumulate because of poor oral hygiene or gum disease, or when saliva is lacking, bad breath can result. Saliva is necessary to wash away food particles and bacteria. Certain medications and disorders can lead to a dry mouth. Sometimes a sinus infection, postnasal drip or other respiratory tract infection can cause bad breath. If bad breath is persistent, contact your dentist to determine whether the cause is of dental origin.
Q: What can I do about bad breath?
A: Regular checkups will allow your dentist to detect any problems such as gum disease, a dry mouth or other disorders that may be the cause. Maintaining good oral hygiene, eliminating gum disease and scheduling regular professional cleanings are essential to reducing bad breath.
Regardless of what may be the cause, good oral hygiene is essential. Brush twice a day and clean between your teeth daily with floss or interdental cleaners. Brush your tongue, too. If you wear dentures, be sure to remove them at night and clean them thoroughly before replacing them the next morning.
Q: How do I find a dentist who treats bad breath?
A: Dentists are taught in dental school about the oral causes of bad breath (halitosis). If you have bad breath, you may want to start by talking to your general dentist about treatment options. You can also contact your state dental association to see what resources are available in your area of the country.
Q: What is the treatment for bad breath?
A: If your dentist determines that your mouth is healthy and that the odor is not of oral origin, you may be referred to your family physician or to a specialist to determine the cause of the odor and for treatment. Of course, if the odor is of oral origin, as it is in the majority of cases, your dentist can treat the cause of the problem.
If the odor is due to gum disease, your general dentist can either treat the disease or refer you to a periodontist, a specialist in treating gum tissues. Gum disease can cause gum tissues to pull away from the teeth and form pockets. When these pockets are deep, only a professional periodontal cleaning can remove the bacteria and plaque that accumulate. Sometimes more extensive treatment is necessary.
If you have extensive build-up of plaque, an invisible layer of bacteria, your dentist may recommend using a special antimicrobial mouthrinse. Your dentist may also recommend that when you brush your teeth, you also brush your tongue to remove excess plaque.
Q: Where can I get products that will be useful in treating bad breath?
A: After determining the cause of your halitosis, your dentist will be able to prescribe or recommend those products that can be helpful for you. See Products with the ADA Seal of Acceptance.
Q: How often should I replace my toothbrush?
A: Treat yourself to a new toothbrush every three to four months, or sooner if the bristles become worn, splayed or frayed. A hard, brittle brush can injure your gums. Children's brushes may need to be replaced more often, as they can wear them out more quickly.
Q: Does it matter what kind of toothbrush I use?
A: Yes. Choosing the right toothbrush can help prevent damage to your teeth and gums. Use an ADA-accepted toothbrush that has polished bristles, as they are less likely to injure gum tissue. Also use a size and shape that feels comfortable and allows you to reach the surfaces of every tooth. Replace your brush if the bristles become worn, splayed or frayed. A hard, brittle brush can injure your gums. Because children often chew on their brushes, they can become worn out more quickly.
Q: What is the proper way to brush my teeth?
A: Thorough brushing twice a day, and cleaning between the teeth daily with floss or other interdental cleaners, remove plaque. Keep these tips in mind when brushing your teeth. Use a soft-bristled toothbrush. Place the brush at a 45-degree angle to the teeth and use a gentle tooth-wide, back-and-forth motion. Remember to clean the inside teeth surfaces where plaque deposits are heavy, and clean the back teeth and tongue. Replace your brush when the bristles become frayed or worn — about every three to four months.
Q: Can I damage my teeth if I brush improperly?
A: Yes. Even though teeth are protected by a hard layer of enamel, they can become worn out from improper toothbrushing. Toothbrush abrasion can occur on the crown of the teeth as well as in the softer cementum that covers the tooth roots, which can be exposed by receding gums. These exposed surfaces can become more prone to decay. When you brush, be sure to use gentle, short, tooth-wide strokes.
Q: How do I clean between teeth?
A: Floss and other interdental cleaners remove plaque from between the teeth and under the gumline, areas where the toothbrush can't reach. If you haven't been in the habit, it's never too late to start.
When flossing, keep in mind these tips. Gently ease the floss between the teeth and gumline, never snap it. Form a "c" against the sides of both teeth and gently rub the floss up and down the tooth, moving it from under the gumline to the top of the tooth. Establish a regular pattern of flossing and remember to floss the backside of the last teeth.
If you use interdental cleaners, ask your dentist how to use them properly, to avoid injuring your gums.
Q: What are oral irrigating devices?
A: Oral irrigating devices use a stream of water to remove food particles from around the teeth. They are meant to be used as an aid and not to replace regular brushing or cleaning between the teeth with floss or interdental cleaners. Oral irrigators are helpful for people who have braces or fixed partial dentures.
Q: How do I prevent cavities?
A: You can help prevent cavities by following these tips:
•Brush twice a day with a fluoride toothpaste.
•Floss daily or use an interdental cleaner.
•Eat nutritious and balanced meals and limit snacking.
•Check with your dentist about use of supplemental fluoride, which strengthens your teeth, and about use of dental sealants (a plastic protective coating) applied to the chewing surfaces of the back teeth to protect them from decay.
•Visit your dentist regularly for professional cleanings and oral examination
Q: What are "Composites"?
A: "Composites" are a name given to a type of restoration, which use composite resins instead of amalgam as the restorative material. They are tooth colored and are held in place through chemical bonding agents which can now restore the strength of the tooth to approximately 90% of its original strength. This method of restoring the tooth allows for a far less invasive preparation of the tooth. This method of restoration is recommended where small to moderate restorations are called for.
Q: Are "Composites" a substitute for "Crowns"?
A: The answer is No. When the needed restoration becomes so large that there is little "holding the tooth together" a crown is the restoration of choice as it is the only restoration that totally surrounds the tooth and maintains a solid chewing or biting surface.
Q: How should I choose oral care products?
A: Even savvy shoppers can be baffled by the seemingly endless variety of dental care products. Choose products that carry the American Dental Association Seal of Acceptance—an important symbol of a dental product’s safety and effectiveness. Oral care products that may carry the ADA Seal include toothpaste, manual and electric toothbrushes, floss and other interdental cleaning aids, mouthrinses and oral irrigators.
Q: What does the ADA Seal of Acceptance mean?
A: The ADA Seal of Acceptance is a symbol that a product has shown that it meets ADA standards of safety and effectiveness. About 350 companies voluntarily submit research data to the ADA showing the safety and efficacy of their dental products. The data they submit undergo stringent review by independent consultants and the ADA before the Seal is awarded.
The ADA reviews all advertising claims for any product bearing the Seal. Only those claims that can be supported by appropriate clinical and/or laboratory studies and scientific data are allowed.
Q: I’ve noticed that only some dental products have the ADA Seal of Acceptance. Why?
A: The Seal of Acceptance Program is strictly voluntary. Manufacturers may choose to have products evaluated; some choose not to. The ADA does not comment on why products do not carry the Seal or on the quality of non-Seal products.
Data collected in our laboratories indicate that about 30 to 40 percent of consumer products fail to meet the standards required for the ADA Seal of Acceptance when they are first submitted. Manufacturers often make the required adjustments to their products and then resubmit them.
You may want to contact the manufacturer directly for more information on a particular product. A phone number is often available on the product packaging.
Q: What ingredients are in toothpastes?
A: Toothpaste should contain fluoride to reduce tooth decay in children and adults. Other ingredients can be included. Tartar control toothpaste prevents tartar, above the gumline, from forming. The active ingredient of these toothpastes is based on the mechanism of action of a variety of pyrophosphates or zinc citrate. Desensitizing toothpaste can help block the pain of receding gums, which cause sensitivity to temperature extremes. The effective ingredient is p9otassium nitrate. Toothpaste that contains triclosan, and antimicrobial, is proven to reduce gingivitis. Baking soda can act as a mild abrasive in high enough concentrations. An advantage of baking soda as an ingredient is that if you like the taste or feel of theses toothpastes, you’re likely to brush more often and thoroughly. Abrasives help remove stains and plaque and polish teeth. All ADA-accepted toothpastes contain a mild abrasive that, along with your toothbrush, helps to remove plaque (a sticky film of bacteria). Usually the abrasives are a type of silica.
Other ingredients commonly found in toothpaste help to make brushing a pleasant experience. Flavoring agents such as artificial sweeteners, peppermint, cinnamon or wintergreen improves the taste. Humectants prevent water loss. A binding agent or thickener gives the toothpaste body and keeps it from separating into solid and liquid. Foaming agents may be added to promote cleaning of the teeth.
Q: Can I get a copy of my dental records?
A: Talk with your dentist about getting a copy of your dental records and check your state law, if necessary. The ADA Principles of Ethics and Code of Professional Conduct states:
"A dentist has the ethical obligation on request of either the patient or the patient's new dentist to furnish, either gratuitously or for nominal cost, such dental records or copies or summaries of them, including dental X-rays or copies of them, as will be beneficial for the future treatment of that patient. This obligation exists whether or not the patient's account is paid in full."
Q: Why do I have to go for dental checkups if I have dentures?
A: Dental exams are still necessary because your mouth is continually changing. Dentures that fit when they were new may no longer fit, also dentures can wear out and may no longer function properly. Your dentist will check your gum ridges and the condition and fit of your dentures. Your dentist also will check for signs of oral cancer. Your dentist may also be able to detect certain medical disorders, such as diabetes, which can be revealed in the mouth tissues.
Q: What's the difference between conventional dentures and immediate dentures?
A: Complete dentures are called "conventional" or "immediate" according to when they are made and when they are inserted into the mouth. Conventional dentures are made and inserted after the remaining teeth are removed and the tissues have healed. Healing may take several months.
Immediate dentures are inserted immediately after the removal of the remaining teeth. To make this possible, the dentist takes measurements and makes the models of the patient's jaws during a preliminary visit.
An advantage of immediate dentures is that the wearer does not have to be without teeth during the healing period. However, bones and gums can shrink over time, especially during the period of healing in the first six months after the removal of teeth. When gums shrink, immediate dentures may require rebasing or relining to fit properly.
Q: How do you wear a removable partial denture?
A: Removable partial dentures usually consist of replacement teeth attached to pink or gum-colored plastic bases, which are connected by metal framework. Removable partial dentures attach to your natural teeth with metal clasps or devices called precision attachments. Precision attachments are generally more esthetic than metal clasps and they are nearly invisible. Crowns on your natural teeth may improve the fit of a removable partial denture and they are usually required with attachments. Dentures with precision attachments generally cost more than those with metal clasps. Consult with your dentist to find out which type is right for you.
Q: What will dentures feel like?
A: New dentures may feel awkward for a few weeks until you become accustomed to them. The dentures may feel loose while the muscles of your cheek and tongue learn to keep them in place.
It is not unusual to experience minor irritation or soreness. You may find that saliva flow temporarily increases. As your mouth becomes accustomed to the dentures, these problems should diminish. One or more follow-up appointments with the dentist are generally needed after a denture is inserted. If any problem persists, particularly irritation or soreness, be sure to consult your dentist.
Q: How long will it take to get used to wearing a partial denture?
A: For the first few weeks, your new partial denture may feel awkward or bulky. However, your mouth will eventually become accustomed to wearing it. Inserting and removing the denture will require some practice. Follow all instructions given by your dentist. Your partial should fit into place with relative ease. Never force the partial denture into position by biting down. This could bend or break the clasps.
Q: Will dentures make me look different?
A: Dentures can be made to closely resemble your natural teeth so that little change in appearance will be noticeable. Dentures may even improve the look of your smile and help fill out the appearance of your face and profile.
Q: Will I be able to eat with my denture/partial?
A: Replacing missing teeth should make eating a more pleasant experience. Eating will however, take a little practice. Start with soft foods cut into small pieces. Chew slowly using both sides of your mouth at the same time to keep even pressure on the partial or prevent the dentures from tipping. As you become accustomed to chewing, add other foods until you return to your normal diet.
Continue to chew food using both sides of the mouth at the same time. With dentures, be cautious with hot or hard foods and sharp-edged bones or shells. For partials, avoid foods that are extremely sticky or hard. You also may want to avoid chewing gum while you adjust to the denture.
Q: Will dentures or partials change how I speak?
A: It can be difficult to speak clearly when you are missing teeth. Consequently, wearing dentures or a partial may help. Pronouncing certain words may require practice. Reading out loud and repeating troublesome words will help. If your dentures "click" while you're talking, speak more slowly.
You may find that your dentures occasionally slip when you laugh, cough or smile. Reposition the dentures by gently biting down and swallowing. With time, you will become accustomed to speaking properly with your denture or partial. If a speaking problem persists, consult your dentist.
Q: How long should I wear my denture/partial?
A: Your dentist will provide instructions about how long dentures or partials should be kept in place. During the first few days, you may be advised to wear them most of the time, including while you sleep. Although this may be temporarily uncomfortable, it is the quickest way to identify those parts that may need adjustment. If the denture or partial puts too much pressure on a particular area, that spot will become sore. Your dentist will adjust the denture/partial to fit more comfortably. After the initial adjustment period, you may be instructed to take the partial out of your mouth before going to bed and replace it in the morning.
This allows gum tissues to rest and promotes oral health. Generally, it is not desirable that the tissues be constantly covered by denture material.
Q: Should I use a denture adhesive?
A: Dentures are made to fit precisely and usually do not require use of an adhesive for comfort. In an emergency, denture adhesives can be used to keep the dentures stable until you see the dentist, but prolonged use can mask infections and cause bone loss in the jaw. Likewise, a poorly fitting denture, which causes constant irritation over a long period, may contribute to the development of sores. If your dentures begin to feel loose, or cause pronounced discomfort, see your dentist immediately.
Q: Can I make minor adjustments or repairs to my denture/partial?
A:. You can do serious harm to your denture or partial and to your health by trying to adjust or repair your denture. A denture/partial that is not made to fit precisely by a dentist can cause irritation and sores. Using a do-it-yourself kit can damage the appliance beyond repair. Glues sold over-the-counter often contain harmful chemicals and should not be used on a denture or partial.
If your denture/partial no longer fits properly, if it breaks, cracks or chips, or if one of the teeth becomes loose, see your dentist immediately. In many cases, dentists can make necessary adjustments or repairs, often on the same day. Complicated repairs may require that the denture or partial be sent to a special dental laboratory. A person who lacks the proper training will not be able to reconstruct the denture or partial. This can cause greater damage to the denture/partial and may cause problems in your mouth. Glue sold over-the-counter often contains harmful chemicals and should not be used on dentures or partials.
Q: Will my dentures need to be replaced?
A: Over time, dentures will need to be relined, remade or rebased due to normal wear. To make a rebased denture, the dentist uses the existing denture teeth and makes a new denture base. Dentures may need to be replaced because a mouth naturally changes with age. Bone and gum ridges can recede or shrink, causing jaws to align differently. Shrinking ridges can cause dentures to fit less securely. Loose dentures can cause health problems, including sores and infections. A loose denture also makes chewing more difficult and may change your facial features. It's important to replace worn or poorly fitting dentures before they cause problems.
Q: Must I do anything special to care for my mouth?
A: For denture wearers: Even with full dentures, you still need to take good care of your mouth. Every morning, brush your gums, tongue and palate with a soft-bristled brush before you put in your dentures. This removes plaque and stimulates circulation in the mouth. Selecting a balanced diet for proper nutrition is also important for maintaining a healthy mouth.
A: For Partial wearers: Brushing twice a day and cleaning between your teeth daily help prevent tooth decay and gum disease that can lead to tooth loss. Pay special attention to cleaning teeth that fit under the denture's metal clasps. Plaque that becomes trapped under the clasps will increase the risk of tooth decay. Your dentist or dental hygienist can demonstrate how to properly brush and clean between teeth. Selecting a balanced diet for proper nutrition is also important.
Q: How often should I schedule dental appointments?
A: Your dentist will advise you about how often to visit. Regular dental check-ups are important.
For denture wearers: The dentist will examine your mouth to see if your dentures continue to fit properly. The dentist also examines your mouth for signs of oral diseases including cancer
With regular professional care, a positive attitude and persistence, you can become one of the millions of people who wear their dentures with a smile.
For partial wearers: Regular dental check-ups and having your teeth professionally cleaned are vital for maintaining a healthy smile. Our office recommends that you have a cleaning and exam every 6 months or more often in some cases.
Q: How do I take care of my denture or partial?
A: Handling a denture requires care. It's a good idea to stand over a folded towel or a sink of water just in case you accidentally drop the denture. Brush the denture each day to remove food deposits and plaque. Brushing your denture helps prevent the appliance from becoming permanently stained. It's best to use a brush that is designed for cleaning dentures. A denture brush has bristles that are arranged to fit the shape of the denture. A regular, soft-bristled toothbrush is also acceptable. Avoid using a brush with hard bristles, which can damage the denture.
Your dentist can recommend a denture cleaner. Look for denture cleansers with the American Dental Association (ADA) Seal of Acceptance. Products with the ADA Seal have been evaluated for safety and effectiveness.
Some people use hand soap or mild dishwashing liquid to clean their dentures, which are both acceptable. Other types of household cleaners and many toothpastes are too abrasive and should not be used for cleaning dentures.
Clean your dentures by thoroughly rinsing off loose food particles. Moisten the brush and apply the denture cleaner. Brush all denture surfaces gently to avoid damaging the plastic or bending the attachments.
A denture could lose its proper shape if it is not kept moist. At night, the denture should be placed in soaking solution or water. However, if the appliance has metal attachments, they could be tarnished if placed in soaking solution. Your dentist can recommend the proper method for keeping your dentures in good shape.
Q: Will my denture or partial need adjusting?
A: Over time, adjusting the denture or partial may be necessary. As you age, your mouth naturally changes, which can affect the fit of the denture or partial. Your bone and gum ridges can recede or shrink, resulting in a loose-fitting denture/partial. Dentures or partials that do not fit properly should be adjusted by your dentist. Loose dentures/partials can cause various problems, including sores or infections. See your dentist promptly if your denture or partial becomes loose.
Q: Can I keep my extracted teeth?
A: Yes. There has been some confusion about whether or not teeth that have been extracted in the dental office can be given back to the patient. The confusion stems from the wording of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's (OSHA's) guidelines for handling and disposing of medical waste. It was unclear whether an extracted tooth was considered medical waste.
However, OSHA chief, Joseph Dear, has gone on record as saying "OSHA has not banned the tooth fairy; dentists can give children their extracted teeth."
Q: How can I choose a dentist?
A: Here are some tips to keep in mind when choosing a dentist:
Ask family, friends, neighbors or co-workers for a recommendation.
Ask your family physician or local pharmacist.
Call or write your local or state dental society, which may provide you with several referrals. For contact information, see the Dental Society directory on the ADA web page. Your local and state dental societies also may be listed in the telephone directory under "dentist" or "associations."
Call a local hospital that has an accredited dental service.
Ask faculty members of local dental schools.
Check the American Dental Association Directory, which can be found in many public libraries, including dental school libraries.
If you are moving, your current dentist might provide you with a recommendation.
Q: What should I look for when choosing a dentist?
A: You may wish to consider several dentists before making your decision. During your first visit, you should be able to determine if this is the right dentist for you. Consider the following:
Is the appointment schedule convenient for you?
Is the office easy to get to from your home or job?
Does the office appear to be clean, neat and orderly?
Was your medical and dental history recorded and placed in a permanent file?
Does the dentist explain techniques that will help you prevent dental health problems? Is dental health instruction provided?
Are special arrangements made for handling emergencies outside of office hours? (Most dentists arrange with a colleague or emergency referral service if they are unable to tend to emergencies.)
Is information provided about fees and payment plans before treatment is scheduled?
You and your dentist are partners in maintaining your oral health. Take time to ask questions and take notes if that will help you remember your dentist’s advice.
Q: What is the difference between a DDS and a DMD?
A: The DDS (Doctor of Dental Surgery) and DMD (Doctor of Dental Medicine) are the same degrees. The difference is a matter of semantics. The majority of dental schools award the DDS degree; however, some award a DMD degree. The education and degrees are the same.
Q: If I install a water filter, will it remove fluoride from the water?
A: Depending upon the filtration system that you use at home, journal articles have reported that reverse osmosis and distillation filtration units do remove varying amounts of fluoride from the water. Activated carbon units were shown to remove only trace amounts. Several tests of water filters, however, have shown conflicting answers. Consult with your family dentist about your family's fluoride needs.
Grafting; the transmission of HIV?
Q: My gums have receded as a result of orthodontia. My periodontist has recommended grafting with Alloderm. My concern is the transmission of HIV.
A: First through questioning develop a trusting relationship with your periodontist. He should be willing to explain how the grafting will be one and how it will benefit your oral health. When all of your questions have been answered and you are now ready to commit to this procedure as a means of saving your teeth and improving your oral health, then bring up your questions and concerns about HIV and have them answered in the same similar way. Ask your periodontist what procedures he uses in his office to make sure there is no transmission of this virus. All dentist in this day and age should be using standard universal precaution procedures to prevent the spread of HIV through careless sterilization procedures. If he is a reputable periodontist and I'm making an assumption he is or you would not be in a trust relationship with him your risk of receiving the HIV virus through this procedure is quite small. When weighing this risk against the complications that can arise from poor oral health I believe the greater risks come from the poor oral health.
Q: What is involved in placing implants?
A: First, surgery is performed to place the anchor. Surgery can take up to several hours, and up to six months may be required for the bone to grow around the anchor and firmly hold it in place. Some implants require a second surgery in which a post is attached to connect the anchor to the replacement teeth. With other implants, the anchor and post are already attached and are placed at the same time.
After the gums have had several weeks to heal, the next step is begun. The artificial teeth are made and fitted to the post portion of the anchor. Because several fittings may be required, this step can take one to two months to complete.
Implant surgery can be done either in a dental office or in a hospital, depending upon a number of factors. A local or general anesthetic may be used. Usually pain medications and, when necessary, antibiotics are prescribed. Your dentist will give you instructions on diet and oral hygiene.
Q: What happens if I miss a dental appointment?
A: Dental offices vary in their missed appointment policies. Our office requires 48 hours (2 working days) notice for cancellation of an appointment of one hour or less. For more lengthy appointments, we request a 72-hour (3 working days) notice of cancellation. No charge will be made for rescheduling an appointment provided sufficient notice is given. Otherwise, a broken appointment fee of $50.00 may be imposed. This charge may be waived at our discretion in the event of extreme emergency, illness, or extenuating circumstances. This charge will be removed form the account if the appointment is rescheduled in a timely fashion and the next appointment is kept.
Your time is valuable, so we try to stay on schedule and ask for your cooperation and understanding in this matter. In order to keep the office operating on time it may be necessary to reschedule your appointment if you are 15 or more minutes late. Despite our best intent, treatment emergencies do, on occasion, arise in our schedule causing unavoidable delays. We will apprise you of any such circumstance at the earliest possible opportunity to avoid any inconvenience for you.
Q: What are cavities? How do they occur?
A: Cavities are a destruction of the tooth enamel. They occur when foods containing carbohydrates (sugars and starches) such as milk, pop, raisins, cakes or candy are frequently left on the teeth. Bacteria that live in the mouth thrive on these foods, producing acids as a result. Over a period of time, these acids destroy tooth enamel, resulting in cavities. This process is also called "tooth decay."
Q: I've smoked for many years and recently noticed a white patch in my mouth should I be concerned?
A: Any mouth sore that persists for more than a week should be examined by your dentist. Leukoplakia is a thick, whitish-color patch that forms on the cheeks, gums or tongue and is caused by excess cell growth. It is common among tobacco users and can also result from irritations such as ill-fitting dentures or a habit of chewing on one's cheek. The danger of leukoplakia is that it can progress to cancer. Your dentist may want to take a biopsy if the leukoplakia appears to be threatening.
Q: How can I help prevent oral cancer?
A: Eliminate any risk factors such as tobacco and alcohol and regularly visit your dentist. Periodic dental exams allow early detection and appropriate treatment if cancer develops. If at any time you notice any changes in the appearance of your mouth or any of these signs and symptoms, contact your dentist at once:
A persistent sore or irritation that does not heal
Color changes such as the development of red and/or white lesions
Pain, tenderness or numbness anywhere in the mouth or lips
A lump, thickening, rough spot, crust or small eroded area
Difficulty in chewing, swallowing, speaking or moving the jaw or tongue
Change in bite
Q: What's the difference between a canker sore and a cold sore?
A: Canker sores are often confused with cold sores. An easy way to distinguish between the two is to remember that canker sores occur inside the mouth, and cold sores usually occur outside the mouth.
A canker sore (also called aphthous ulcers) is a small ulcer with a white or gray base and red border. There can be one or a number of sores in the mouth. Canker sores are very common and often recur.
A cold sore, which is also called fever blister or herpes simplex, is composed of groups of painful, fluid-filled blisters that often erupt around the lips and sometime under the nose or under the chin. Cold sores are usually caused by herpes virus type I and are very contagious.
Canker sores usually heal in about a week or two. Rinsing with anitmircobial mouthrinses may help reduce the irritation. Over-the-counter topical anesthetics can also provide relief. Cold sores usually heal in about a week. Over-the-counter topical anesthetics can provide temporary relief and prescription antiviral drugs may reduce these kinds of viral infections.
Q: Why did I get an abscess?
A: When the pulp of a tooth becomes infected (often from a deep cavity or a deep crack), the infection can spread throughout the pulp. If root canal treatment is not done, the infection may travel into the tissues near the root tip. This can cause the adjacent bone to erode. The pocket of pus that forms is the abscess. If the abscess increases in size, it can become more painful.
Q: I've heard a lot about gum disease lately. How do I know if I have it?
A: Periodontal (gum) disease affects three out of four adults at some time in their lives. It doesn't necessarily hurt and you may not even be aware that you have it until an advanced stage. If you notice any of these warning signs, see your dentist:
Gums that bleed during toothbrushing
Red, swollen or tender gums
Gums that have pulled away from your teeth
Persistent bad breath
Pus between the teeth and gums
Loose or separating teeth
A change in the way your teeth fit together when you bite
A change in the fit of partial dentures
Q: What are some of the ways to treat gum disease?
A: Treatment methods depend upon the type of disease and how far the condition has progressed. The first step is to remove plaque and tartar deposits beneath the gumline. The tooth roots may also be planed to smooth the root surface, allowing the gum tissue to heal and reattach to the tooth. In some cases, the occlusion (bite) may require adjustment.
Antibiotics or irrigation with antimicrobial (chemical) agents may be recommended to help control the growth of bacteria that create toxins and cause periodontitis. In some cases, the dentist may place antibiotic fibers in the periodontal pockets after scaling and planing. This may be done to control infection and to encourage normal healing.
When deep pockets between teeth and gums (4 to 6 mm or greater) are present, it is difficult for the dentist to thoroughly remove plaque and tartar. Patients can seldom, if ever, keep these pockets clean and free of plaque. Consequently, surgery may be needed to reduce the depth of those pockets. This often can help to restore periodontal health.
Using various surgical techniques, the dentist lifts the gum away to reach areas that require the removal of tartar and plaque, which cause chronic infection and delay healing. The tooth root is cleaned and smoothed. The gums are sutured back into place or into a new position that will be easier to keep clean at home.
Bone surgery may be used to rebuild or reshape bone that has been destroyed. Grafts of the patient's bone or artificial bone may be used, as well as the use of membranes. The dentist may use splints or other appliances to stabilize loose teeth and to guide the regeneration of tissue during healing.
Q: What is an orthodontist?
A: An orthodontist is a dentist who has completed the requirements for a general dental degree such as a DDS or DMD. They have then furthered their education by studying to become a specialist in the area of teeth and jaw alignment and occlusion. He is typically known as the dentist who puts braces on the teeth to straighten them. A board-certified orthodontist has passed tests that have been set up by a regulatory body to show his proficiency in this area.
Porcelain Crowns instead of porcelain fused to base metal
Q: Can I choose all porcelain crowns
instead of porcelain fused to base metal for my front teeth?
I am having a problem with some bone loss but I really want natural looking
teeth.
A: You asked about the possibilities of using all porcelain crowns instead of porcelain fused to base metal for front teeth that need to be crowned. I want to indicate that this is a very real possibility. I usually use an all porcelain crown in the front of the mouth for the very reasons that you seem to be concerned about. They do give off a much more natural look as the light is able to pass through them giving them the translucent look of natural enamel. You might be interested to know that a new and stronger porcelain has been created now which allows us to span missing teeth with a bridge in the front of the mouth also. This new porcelain is giving us some beautiful results in areas where before we needed to compromise the complete natural look for the strength of metal. Another new product on the market is a new porcelain to all gold crown which does not have what was previously seen as a darker area along the gum line. These crowns or bridges are best used where due to the forces put on the teeth the strength of metal is needed. Don't be afraid to ask your dentist what procedures he uses, what he would recommend for you and why he is recommending it. That allows you to participate in the decision making process and will go a long way towards making you satisfied with the end results.
Q: Why do I need root canal treatment?
A: Root canal treatment can help save your damaged tooth. When the pulp (the soft tissue inside the tooth that contains nerves and blood and lymph vessels) is diseased or injured and unable to repair itself, the pulp dies. The most common cause of pulp death is a fractured tooth or a deep cavity, which can expose the pulp to the bacteria found in saliva. The bacteria cause infection inside the tooth. If the damaged or diseased pulp is not removed, the tooth and surrounding tissues become infected. Without treatment, your tooth could eventually have to be removed. If the problem is caught early enough, however, your dentist can save your tooth using root canal treatment.
Q: What can be done if I have a severe skin allergic reaction to the dentist's local anesthetics?
A: Ask the dentist what type of local anesthetics they are using, then avoid that type of anesthetics. Be sure it is the local anesthetic and not the epinephrine found in most local anesthetics or the latex gloves worn by most dentists that can also produce a skin allergic reaction. You may also want to have your physician or dentist do test to determine what types of local anesthetics you are or are not allergic to. Make a list of these and be sure any physician or dentist administering local anesthetic uses only types that you are not allergic to. Don't be afraid to communicate with your dentist about these problems.
Q: What are the ways to sterilize and disinfect dental equipment?
A: Dental offices use a variety of methods to sterilize and disinfect. Dental instruments are cleaned and then sterilized between patients by methods that kill the AIDS virus and other microscopic organisms capable of causing diseases. Common acceptable sterilization methods include an autoclave that uses steam under pressure, dry heat in an oven-like environment and chemical vapor sterilization.
Disinfection procedures are used on surfaces and equipment that cannot be removed for cleaning and sterilization, such as counter tops, drawer handles, X-ray unit heads and light handles. Disinfection is done in the treatment room between patients to assure that the room is clean for each patient.
Our office uses all of these methods except the chemical vapor sterilization to ensure that our instruments are sterile for each patient. We also disinfect each operatory between patients so that germs will not be passed on.
Q: When is it necessary to remove wisdom teeth?
A: Wisdom teeth are a valuable asset to the mouth when they are healthy and properly positioned. Often, however, problems develop that require their removal. When the jaw isn't large enough to accommodate wisdom teeth, they can become impacted (unable to come in or misaligned). Wisdom teeth may grow sideways, emerge only part way from the gum or remain trapped beneath the gum and bone.
Extraction of wisdom teeth is generally recommended when:
Wisdom teeth only partially erupt. This leaves an opening for bacteria to enter around the tooth and cause an infection. Pain, swelling, jaw stiffness and general illness can result.
There is a chance that poorly aligned wisdom teeth will damage adjacent teeth.
A cyst (fluid-filled sac) forms, destroying surrounding structures such as bone or tooth roots.
Patients should ask the dentist about the health and positioning of their wisdom teeth. The dentist may make a recommendation for removal or send the patient to an oral surgeon for further evaluation.
Q: Are x-rays necessary?
A: Not all problems are visible o the naked eye. X-rays provide early detection of decay between teeth, or damage to the bone caused by gum disease, and other problems. This prevents extensive damage and avoids expensive treatments. We are practical about the use of x-rays, and provide maximum protection to reduce the radiation to which you are exposed to negligible levels. I you are pregnant, or think you may be, we may be able to delay x-rays until after the baby is born.
Q: How often should X-rays be taken?
A: How often dental X-rays (radiographs) should be taken depends on the patient's individual health needs. It is important to recognize that just as each patient is different from the next, so should the scheduling of X-ray exams be individualized for each patient. Your dentist will review your history, examine your mouth and then decide whether you need radiographs and what type. If you are a new patient, the dentist may recommend radiographs to determine the present status of the hidden areas of your mouth and to help analyze changes that may occur later.
The schedule for needing radiographs at recall visits varies according to your age, risk for disease and signs and symptoms. Recent films may be needed to detect new cavities, or to determine the status of gum disease or for evaluation of growth and development. Children may need X-rays more often than adults. This is because their teeth and jaws are still developing and because their teeth are more likely to be affected by tooth decay than those of adults.
Q: How do dental X-rays work?
A: When X-rays pass through your mouth during a dental exam, more X-rays are absorbed by the denser parts (such as teeth and bone) than by soft tissues (such as cheeks and gums) before striking the film. This creates an image on the radiograph. Teeth appear lighter because fewer X-rays penetrate to reach the film. Cavities and gum disease appear darker because of more X-ray penetration. The interpretation of these X-rays allows the dentist to safely and accurately detect hidden abnormalities.
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